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Evidence and Knowledge Gaps on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Vietnam
Ngày đăng: 15/03/2017Lượt xem: 1084A Review on the Potential of Agroforestry and Sustainable Land Management in the Northern Mountainous Region in VietnamIntroduction
Vietnam has achieved remarkable economic growth since the reforms towards a socialist– oriented market economy in the 1980s (Fortier 2012).
From 1988 to 2012, the country experienced an average growth rate of roughly 7 percent per annum in the whole economy and around 4 percent per annum in the agriculture sector (Wezel et al. 2002a; World Bank 2013).
Per capita income rose from US$ 220 in 1994 to US$1,600 in 2012, while the poverty headcount ratio decreased from 85% in 1993 to around 43% in 2008 based on the $2 a day poverty line (World Bank 2013).
Empirical evidence also indicates that households in Vietnam have become more food secure as measured by both calorie intake and dietary diversity during the 1990s (Molini 2006).
Despite the nationwide boom, the northern mountainous region (NMR)- located in the northwestern part of the country–is lagging behind in terms of both economic growth and poverty alleviation (Tran Duc Vien et al. 2006).
Nationwide income inequality measured by the Gini coefficient remained stable around 0.35 since 1993 (World Bank 2013).
75% of the Vietnam’s minority population lives in the Northern and Central Highlands, and the NMR remains among the poorest areas, with the deepest impoverishment in upland areas where 94–100% of residents belong to ethnic minority groups (World Bank 2001; World Bank 2009).
Food insecurity is also a challenge in the area, as most of the increases in food security occurred amongst higher income strata of the population (Molini 2006; Hoan Thi Le Thao et al. 2013).
In addition to these challenges, the NMR has a particularly fragile ecosystem due to the terrain characterized by steep slopes, severe soil erosion increasing population pressure, land scarcity, and widespread use of environmentally damaging agricultural practices, such as burning of organic residues, deforestation, free grazing, and ploughing on slopes (Wezel et al. 2002a; Valentin et al. 2008).
Climate change is expected to disturb the already fragile environment even more in the NMR and exacerbate the instability of food production in the area. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) lists Vietnam as one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change (IPCC 2007).
Vulnerability stems from sensitivity of socioeconomic structures to climate change and low adaptation capacity as well as exposure to natural forces (Nelson et al. 2007).
Regionspecific evidence for NMR is still scarce in terms of the extent of such vulnerability to climate change and the expected food security implications. It is therefore pertinent to examine the impacts of different agricultural practices in the context of climate change in this region, to improve our understanding of their adaptation and mitigation impacts and potential to contribute to food security under the specific climate, agro-ecological and socio-economic conditions of the NMR. A better understanding of the region and its agriculture has broader significance as well, since nearly 74.1% of the total land in Vietnam is sloping land, subject to soil erosion and degradation, and the potential for expanding cultivated area in the flat delta regions has almost been exhausted (Wezel et al. 2002b; Doanh and Tiem 2001).
An increasing understanding of sustainable development paths in the sloping areas is therefore essential for national food security in general (Doanh and Tiem 2001).
8 In an attempt to pave the way for more site-specific, evidence-based research on climatesmart agriculture (CSA) an agricultural development path that captures the synergies between food security, adaptation to, and mitigation of, climate change, this paper starts with an introduction of the geographical, agricultural and climatic structures in the region in Section II, and goes on with Section III to (a) discuss two sets of agricultural practices in NMR that have the potential to be climate-smart, i.e. agroforestry and sustainable land management, (b) evaluate the impact of these practices on yields and climate change, and (c) map out factors that affect people’s adoption decisions. In Section IV, the paper finishes up with concluding remarks about potential areas for future research and policy implications.See the attached file for details
Source: http://www.fao.org
Tệp đính kèm:
evidence and knowledge gaps on CSA in vn.pdfCây dữ liệu:Dữ liệu liên quan:- Strengthening Institutional Capacity For Disaster Risk Management In Viet Nam Including Climate Change Related Risks (SCDM Phase II)
- Knowledge on Climate Smart Agriculture
- CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE Sourcebook
- ASEAN Regional Guidelines for Promoting Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices
- Fao success Stories on Climate-Smart Agriculture
- The future of food and agriculture: Trends and challenges
- Economics and Policy Innovations for Climate-Smart Agriculture
- Women farmers and resilience in the face of climate change
- FAO Success Stories on Climate-Smart Agriculture
- FAO Strategy on Climate Change
- Climate change and environment
- Climate change and polar region
- Climate change adaptation measures
- Preserving agricultural heritage around the world
- Improving farmers’ practices towards cleaner hatcheries in Viet Nam
- Converting waste to cooking fuel in Vietnamese coastal communities
- Curbing the spread of cassava pink mealybug in the Greater Mekong Subregion
- EC - FAO Climate-Smart Agriculture Project in Vietnam
- Inception Workshop on Enhancing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) Readiness: Building Capacity in Integrated Food and Energy System in Viet Nam
- CSA (Climate Smart Agriculture) project: Capturing synergies between mitigation, adaptation, and food security
- Liên kết website
- Thăm dò ý kiến
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