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Potential CSA models
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Cover the ground and minium soil preparation
Ngày đăng: 07/05/2017Lượt xem: 1031According to traditional farming practices, remnants of pre-crop plants and their bodies are often burned or cleared by farmers before planting new crops. In contrast to this, when applying top cover combined with minimum tillage, plant residues (weeds and leaf stems from previous season) are retained on the upland and are used to cover the surface soil, limit soil erosion. At the same time, the farmers do not make land (plows or hoes) on the whole of the field, but only make rows or add holes to seed and plant, and thus less disturbance to the ground, and thus also reduce soil erosion.This practice is also referred to preservation agriculture, or sown/plant directly on the cover with a fixed plant body (the ground is continuously covered, year after year), to protect the soil from erosion. gradually improve soil structure and nutrition, increase economic efficiency from plants. The technical package is as follows: No burning nor removal of plant residues (the body of plants and weeds) that remain on the field to cover the land surface. Creat cover material to ensure the coating is thick enough and can cover the whole surface of the soil.. At the same time, do not plow and hoe whole field but just slit row or hole hallow, or prick holes to fertilize and seed / plant. Crops are cared for as usual.
Figure 1: Upland rice and rice terrace and sloping maize (shown below) applied the minimum land cover and tillage method.
The application of this package is very limited. A number of projects have researched, designed and promoted this practical application for maize, cassava and upland rice. The first trials were conducted from 1998-2004 by the Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute (NOMAFSI) [6] within the framework of collaborative projects with CIRAD and IRRI. Within the framework of the project farmers get help, both technically and financially to test the practical application. However, due to various reasons, when the project is over, most farmers return to normal farming practices.
On the other hand, this technology package is often inadequate, and the level of application differs between farm households and between farmer groups (Pham Thi Son et al., 2012). The amount of cover material may vary, depending on the amount of residues available on the field. In fact, due to the difficulty of maintaining / producing enough land cover material, farmers may not be able to fully implement both land cover and minimum tillage. Instead, they only make minimum tillage. The level of minimum tillage is also different, depending on the source of labor, animal traction, soil preparation tools and the conditions of the field, upland (slope, soil type etc.). Normally, when the field area is small and rocky, farmers often just peck hole for sowing and fertilizer application while for flat, less rocky and larger areas, farmers often use cannabis for sowing.
Table 1: Application of top cover and minium tillage practices was recorded in some places in three study provincesLocation Applicant Year(*) Area (ha) Plant Son La province Mai Son Farmer household 2005 1.000 Maize on sloping land Moc Chau Farmer household 2006 1.200 Maize Song Ma Farmer household 2008 500 Maize on sloping land Thuan Chau Farmer household 2008 200-300 Maize on sloping land On-going projects / activities (local project, ACIAR-NOMAFSI project and CIRAD-NOMAFSI project) Mai Son (Chieng Chan, Na Co, Co Noi, Hat Lot) Farmer household 2013 3,2 Maize on sloping land Mai Son (Chiang Mai) NOMAFSI 2010-2013 1,3 Maize on the ground Moc Chau (Muong Sang, Phien Luong, Chieng He) 38 Farmer household 2010-2013 1,7 Maize on sloping land Yen Chau (Chieng Dong) 5 Farmer household 2011-2013 1 Maize on sloping land Yen Bai province Van Chan district (Suoi Bu, Suoi Giang, Son Thinh, Thanh Luong, Tu Le, Gia Hoi, Nam Búng) Farmer household 2002 200 Maize on sloping land Van Yen district (Bao Dap, Dong Cuong) Farmer household 2004 100 Maize on sloping land Ongoing projects / activities (local project, CIRAD-NOMAFSI project and CURE-NOMAFSI project) Van Chan (Son Thinh and Suoi Giang) 50 Farmer household 2010-2013 10 Maize on sloping land Van Chan (Son Thinh and Suoi Giang) 5 Farmer household 2010-2013 1 Upland rice Tram Tau District 5 Farmer household 2010-2013 1 Terraced fields Dien Bien province Dien Bien District Farmer household 2005 100 Maize on sloping land Tua Chua District Farmer household 2002 150 Maize on sloping land Tuan Giao district (Quai Cang commune, Quai Tho commune) Farmer household 2011 10 Maize on sloping land (*) The area is listed at the year in the table. However, at the present time the area and application situation may be different.
The main difficulty in extending the application:
- Requires more labor in the first 1-3 years of application compared to conventional practice. In the northern mountainous region, where labor is lacking at important times in the agricultural sector, this is one of the main barriers for farmers to use the technology package (Pham Thi Son et al., 2015).
- There is no suitable equipment to perform hole punching.
- Increasing the problem of pests and diseases because plant residues can provide a favorable environment for mice, insects and other pathogens.
- Farmers have applied common practices for a long time, are accustomed to burn and not ready to change.
- There is not enough material to cover the soil, especially in the first 1-3 years. The addition of outside covering to cornfields costs too much work and expense. Meanwhile, due to the wind blowing, decomposed over time and by the buffalo cow, the plant and weed residue remaining on the field from the previous crop is not enough to cover.
[6] It is NOMARC (Northern Mountainous Agricultural Research Center) under the Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology Institute (VASI).Source: nomafsi.com.vnCây dữ liệu:Dữ liệu liên quan:- Agroforestry and the development of integrated production systems
- Growing corn
- Fish culture in rice fields (rice-fish)
- Intercropped with legumes
- Growing grass for livestock development and management of soil erosion
- Make Terraced to grow trees
- Agro-forestry (intercropping of agricultural crops with forest trees)
- CSA (Climate Smart Agriculture) project: Capturing synergies between mitigation, adaptation, and food security
- CSA project in Vietnam: Capturing the synergies between mitigation, adaptation and food security (GCP/INT/139/EC)
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